Securing Rails ApplicationsThis manual describes common security problems in web applications and how to avoid them with Rails.After reading this guide, you will know: All countermeasures that are highlighted. The concept of sessions in Rails, what to put in there and popular attack methods. How just visiting a site can be a security problem (with CSRF). What you have to pay attention to when.
- Rails No Master.key Generated Game
- Rails No Master.key Generated Download
- Rails No Master.key Generated Money
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Storing Encrypted Credentials in Source Control |
The Rails `credentials` commands provide access to encrypted credentials, |
so you can safely store access tokens, database passwords, and the like |
safely inside the app without relying on a mess of ENVs. |
This also allows for atomic deploys: no need to coordinate key changes |
to get everything working as the keys are shipped with the code. |
Setup |
Applications after Rails 5.2 automatically have a basic credentials file generated |
that just contains the secret_key_base used by MessageVerifiers/MessageEncryptors, like the ones |
signing and encrypting cookies. |
For applications created prior to Rails 5.2, we'll automatically generate a new |
credentials file in `config/credentials.yml.enc` the first time you run `bin/rails credentials:edit`. |
If you didn't have a master key saved in `config/master.key`, that'll be created too. |
Don't lose this master key! Put it in a password manager your team can access. |
Should you lose it no one, including you, will be able to access any encrypted |
credentials. |
Don't commit the key! Add `config/master.key` to your source control's |
ignore file. If you use Git, Rails handles this for you. |
Rails also looks for the master key in `ENV['RAILS_MASTER_KEY']`, if that's easier to manage. |
You could prepend that to your server's start command like this: |
RAILS_MASTER_KEY='very-secret-and-secure' server.start |
Set up Git to Diff Credentials |
Rails provides `rails credentials:diff --enroll` to instruct Git to call `rails credentials:diff` |
when `git diff` is run on a credentials file. |
Running the command enrolls the project such that all credentials files use the |
'rails_credentials' diff driver in .gitattributes. |
Additionally since Git requires the driver itself to be set up in a config file |
that isn't tracked Rails automatically ensures it's configured when running |
`credentials:edit`. |
Otherwise each co-worker would have to run enable manually, including on each new |
repo clone. |
Editing Credentials |
This will open a temporary file in `$EDITOR` with the decrypted contents to edit |
the encrypted credentials. |
When the temporary file is next saved the contents are encrypted and written to |
`config/credentials.yml.enc` while the file itself is destroyed to prevent credentials |
from leaking. |
Environment Specific Credentials |
The `credentials` command supports passing an `--environment` option to create an |
environment specific override. That override will take precedence over the |
global `config/credentials.yml.enc` file when running in that environment. So: |
bin/rails credentials:edit --environment development |
will create `config/credentials/development.yml.enc` with the corresponding |
encryption key in `config/credentials/development.key` if the credentials file |
doesn't exist. |
The encryption key can also be put in `ENV['RAILS_MASTER_KEY']`, which takes |
precedence over the file encryption key. |
In addition to that, the default credentials lookup paths can be overridden through |
`config.credentials.content_path` and `config.credentials.key_path`. |
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This article is a translation from https://qiita.com/kawasaki/items/dcaf5716c3fd5e2fe69f
Digest version to set up the secret key in the production environment in Rails 5.1
$ rails secrets:setup
-> copy the long secret key in the first line and set it as an environment variable RAILS_MASTER_KEY when executing rails$ rails secret
-> you will get the longer key; copy it$ EDITOR=vim rails secrets:edit
write the following and save it from vim
Errors in the production environment when I run 'rails server'
I've developped my application happily in the development environment. But it's high time I prepared for the production environment, and I tried
$ rails server --environment production
and got
An unhandled lowlevel error occurred. The application logs may have details.
Oh, no...
Next, I tried
Next, I tried
$ rails secrets:setup
which was introduced in Rails 5.1. But the error still remained. Going down in to the rails library, I got the point where I was wrong.
Anyway, you'll get the following output wehn you run rails secrets:setup
The encryption key 'a1e98ed29c40d7453a06bebeb815c0f3' in the first line is the most important key to protect the whole application and you must keep it secret. The key is automatically written down to config/secrets.yml.key.
Never commit it to your git repository, NEVER!
But usually you'll not commit it because the file config/secrets.yml.key is automatically added to .gitignore, so that the file is not to be committed.
Never commit it to your git repository, NEVER!
But usually you'll not commit it because the file config/secrets.yml.key is automatically added to .gitignore, so that the file is not to be committed.
For rails execution, you need either to import config/secrets.yml.key from somewhere or to set the secret key in the environment variable RAILS_MASTER_KEY.
Actually, this in only the half of the necessary settings because what you did is to make a key to lock config/secrets.yml.enc, you treasure box. You still need to store your treasure.
This file, secrets.yml.enc is an encrypted yml file using your key. It looks like as follows.
This file, secrets.yml.enc is an encrypted yml file using your key. It looks like as follows.
Rails No Master.key Generated Game
To edit this file (if you use vim),
$ EDITOR=vim rails secrets:edit
The file looks like as follows.
Everything is commented out and nothing is specified above. You have to specify secret_key_base beneath production which is a secret key used for Cookie encryption. It is recommended to generate the secret key by using 'rails secret'.
Then, save it in your config/secrets.yml.enc by doing
Rails No Master.key Generated Download
Now, you have no error regarding the secret key in Rails.
By the way, you can store any kind of secret information here including database passwords. e.g.
Rails No Master.key Generated Money
You can use the encrypted database password from your code by
e.g. in config/database.yml.
Rails.application.secrets.postgresql_password
e.g. in config/database.yml.